I am going to post here all newly submitted articles on the arXiv related to superconducting circuits. If your article has been accidentally forgotten, feel free to contact me
25
Mä
2024
Holographic Gaussian Boson Sampling with Matrix Product States on 3D cQED Processors
We introduce quantum circuits for simulations of multi-mode state-vectors on 3D cQED processors, using matrix product state representations. The circuits are demonstrated as applied
to simulations of molecular docking based on holographic Gaussian boson sampling, as illustrated for binding of a thiol-containing aryl sulfonamide ligand to the tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme receptor. We show that cQED devices with a modest number of modes could be employed to simulate multimode systems by re-purposing working modes through measurement and re-initialization. We anticipate a wide range of GBS applications could be implemented on compact 3D cQED processors analogously, using the holographic approach. Simulations on qubit-based quantum computers could be implemented analogously, using circuits that represent continuous variables in terms of truncated expansions of Fock states.
A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge
Gate-tunable transmons (gatemons) employing semiconductor Josephson junctions have recently emerged as building blocks for hybrid quantum circuits. In this study, we present a gatemon
fabricated in planar Germanium. We induce superconductivity in a two-dimensional hole gas by evaporating aluminum atop a thin spacer, which separates the superconductor from the Ge quantum well. The Josephson junction is then integrated into an Xmon circuit and capacitively coupled to a transmission line resonator. We showcase the qubit tunability in a broad frequency range with resonator and two-tone spectroscopy. Time-domain characterizations reveal energy relaxation and coherence times up to 75 ns. Our results, combined with the recent advances in the spin qubit field, pave the way towards novel hybrid and protected qubits in a group IV, CMOS-compatible material.
Integer Fluxonium Qubit
We describe a superconducting qubit derived from operating a properly designed fluxonium circuit in a zero magnetic field. The qubit has a frequency of about 4 GHz and the energy relaxation
quality factor Q≈0.7×107, even though the dielectric loss quality factor of the circuit components is in the low 105 range. The Ramsey coherence time exceeds 100 us, and the average fidelity of Clifford gates is benchmarked to >0.999. These figures are likely to improve by an order of magnitude with optimized fabrication and measurement procedures. Our work establishes a ready-to-use „partially protected“ superconducting qubit with an error rate comparable to the best transmons.
24
Mä
2024
Coupler-Assisted Leakage Reduction for Scalable Quantum Error Correction with Superconducting Qubits
Superconducting qubits are a promising platform for building fault-tolerant quantum computers, with recent achievement showing the suppression of logical error with increasing code
size. However, leakage into non-computational states, a common issue in practical quantum systems including superconducting circuits, introduces correlated errors that undermine QEC scalability. Here, we propose and demonstrate a leakage reduction scheme utilizing tunable couplers, a widely adopted ingredient in large-scale superconducting quantum processors. Leveraging the strong frequency tunability of the couplers and stray interaction between the couplers and readout resonators, we eliminate state leakage on the couplers, thus suppressing space-correlated errors caused by population propagation among the couplers. Assisted by the couplers, we further reduce leakage to higher qubit levels with high efficiency (98.1%) and low error rate on the computational subspace (0.58%), suppressing time-correlated errors during QEC cycles. The performance of our scheme demonstrates its potential as an indispensable building block for scalable QEC with superconducting qubits.
Electromagnetic-Field-Based Circuit Theory and Charge-Flux-Flow Diagrams
The conventional circuit diagrams and graph-based circuit theory are used for the phase-independent circuits such as resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) circuits and semiconductor transistor
circuits, rather than the phase-dependent circuits such as Josephson junction circuits and quantum-phase-slip (QPS) junction circuits. in the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we present an electromagnetic-field-based circuit theory to unify the phase-independent and phase-dependent electric circuits. This theory drives two general system models for all electric circuits, and visualizes the dynamics of circuit devices with electric-charge-flow (ECF) diagrams and the magnetic-flux-flow (MFF) diagrams. ECF and MFF diagrams enable electric circuits to be designed and analyzed like the molecules composed of two kinds of atoms; they are promising for the language to train AI-aided electronic-design-automation (EDA) tools.
22
Mä
2024
Theory of quasiparticle-induced errors in driven-dissipative Schrödinger cat qubits
Understanding the mechanisms of qubit decoherence is a crucial prerequisite for improving the qubit performance. In this work we discuss the effects of residual Bogolyubov quasiparticles
in Schrödinger cat qubits, either of the dissipative or Kerr type. The major difference from previous studies of quasiparticles in superconducting qubits is that the Schrödinger cat qubits are operated under non-equilibrium conditions. Indeed, an external microwave drive is needed to stabilize „cat states“, which are superpositions of coherent degenerate eigenstates of an effective stationary Lindbladian in the rotating frame. We present a microscopic derivation of the master equation for cat qubits and express the effect of the quasiparticles as dissipators acting on the density matrix of the cat qubit. This enables us to determine the conditions under which the quasiparticles give a substantial contribution to the qubit errors.
21
Mä
2024
Optimal control in large open quantum systems: the case of transmon readout and reset
We present a framework that combines the adjoint state method together with reverse-time back-propagation to solve otherwise prohibitively large open-system quantum control problems.
Our approach enables the optimization of arbitrary cost functions with fully general controls applied on large open quantum systems described by a Lindblad master equation. It is scalable, computationally efficient, and has a low memory footprint. We apply this framework to optimize two inherently dissipative operations in superconducting qubits which lag behind in terms of fidelity and duration compared to other unitary operations: the dispersive readout and all-microwave reset of a transmon qubit. Our results show that, given a fixed set of system parameters, shaping the control pulses can yield 2x improvements in the fidelity and duration for both of these operations compared to standard strategies. Our approach can readily be applied to optimize quantum controls in a vast range of applications such as reservoir engineering, autonomous quantum error correction, and leakage-reduction units.
18
Mä
2024
The effect of niobium thin film structure on losses in superconducting circuits
The performance of superconducting microwave circuits is strongly influenced by the material properties of the superconducting film and substrate. While progress has been made in understanding
the importance of surface preparation and the effect of surface oxides, the complex effect of superconductor film structure on microwave losses is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigate the microwave properties of niobium resonators with different crystalline properties and related surface topographies. We analyze a series of magnetron sputtered films in which the Nb crystal orientation and surface topography are changed by varying the substrate temperatures between room temperature and 975 K. The lowest-loss resonators that we measure have quality factors of over one million at single-photon powers, among the best ever recorded using the Nb on sapphire platform. We observe the highest quality factors in films grown at an intermediate temperature regime of the growth series (550 K) where the films display both preferential ordering of the crystal domains and low surface roughness. Furthermore, we analyze the temperature-dependent behavior of our resonators to learn about how the quasiparticle density in the Nb film is affected by the niobium crystal structure and the presence of grain boundaries. Our results stress the connection between the crystal structure of superconducting films and the loss mechanisms suffered by the resonators and demonstrate that even a moderate change in temperature during thin film deposition can significantly affect the resulting quality factors.
Probing Site-Resolved Current in Strongly Interacting Superconducting Circuit Lattices
Transport measurements are fundamental for understanding condensed matter phenomena, from superconductivity to the fractional quantum Hall effect. Analogously, they can be powerful
tools for probing synthetic quantum matter in quantum simulators. Here we demonstrate the measurement of in-situ particle current in a superconducting circuit lattice and apply it to study transport in both coherent and bath-coupled lattices. Our method utilizes controlled tunneling in a double-well potential to map current to on-site density, revealing site-resolved current and current statistics. We prepare a strongly interacting Bose-Hubbard lattice at different lattice fillings, and observe the change in current statistics as the many-body states transition from superfluid to Mott insulator. Furthermore, we explore non-equilibrium current dynamics by coupling the lattice to engineered driven-dissipative baths that serve as tunable particle source and drain. We observe steady-state current in discrete conduction channels and interaction-assisted transport. These results establish a versatile platform to investigate microscopic quantum transport in superconducting circuits.
17
Mä
2024
Kinetic inductance traveling wave amplifier designs for practical microwave readout applications
A Kinetic Inductance Traveling Wave amplifier (KIT) utilizes the nonlinear kinetic inductance of superconducting films, particularly Niobium Titanium Nitride (NbTiN), for parametric
amplification. These amplifiers achieve remarkable performance in terms of gain, bandwidth, compression power, and frequently approach the quantum limit for noise. However, most KIT demonstrations have been isolated from practical device readout systems. Using a KIT as the first amplifier in the readout chain of an unoptimized microwave SQUID multiplexer coupled to a transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter we see an initial improvement in the flux noise. One challenge in KIT integration is the considerable microwave pump power required to drive the non-linearity. To address this, we have initiated efforts to reduce the pump power by using thinner NbTiN films and an inverted microstrip transmission line design. In this article, we present the new transmission line design, fabrication procedure, and initial device characterization — including gain and added noise. These devices exhibit over 10 dB of gain with a 3 dB bandwidth of approximately 5.5-7.25 GHz, a maximum practical gain of 12 dB and typical gain ripple under 4 dB peak-to-peak. We observe an appreciable impedance mismatch in the NbTiN transmission line, which is likely the source of the majority of the gain ripple. Finally we perform an initial noise characterization and demonstrate system-added noise of three quanta or less over nearly the entire 3 dB bandwidth.