All-Pass Readout for Robust and Scalable Quantum Measurement

  1. Alec Yen,
  2. Yufeng Ye,
  3. Kaidong Peng,
  4. Jennifer Wang,
  5. Gregory Cunningham,
  6. Michael Gingras,
  7. Bethany M. Niedzielski,
  8. Hannah Stickler,
  9. Kyle Serniak,
  10. Mollie E. Schwartz,
  11. and Kevin P. O'Brien
Robust and scalable multiplexed qubit readout will be essential to the realization of a fault-tolerant quantum computer. To this end, we propose and demonstrate transmission-based dispersive
readout of a superconducting qubit using an all-pass resonator that preferentially emits readout photons in one direction. This is in contrast to typical readout schemes, which intentionally mismatch the feedline at one end so that the readout signal preferentially decays toward the output. We show that this intentional mismatch creates scaling challenges, including larger spread of effective resonator linewidths due to non-ideal impedance environments and added infrastructure for impedance matching. Our proposed „all-pass readout“ architecture avoids the need for intentional mismatch and aims to enable reliable, modular design of multiplexed qubit readout, thus improving the scaling prospects of quantum computers. We design and fabricate an all-pass readout resonator that demonstrates insertion loss below 1.17 dB at the readout frequency and a maximum insertion loss of 1.53 dB across its full bandwidth for the lowest three states of a transmon qubit. We demonstrate qubit readout with an average single-shot fidelity of 98.1% in 600 ns; to assess the effect of larger dispersive shift, we implement a shelving protocol and achieve a fidelity of 99.0% in 300 ns.

Near-Ideal Quantum Efficiency with a Floquet Mode Traveling Wave Parametric Amplfier

  1. Kaidong Peng,
  2. Mahdi Naghiloo,
  3. Jennifer Wang,
  4. Gregory D Cunningham,
  5. Yufeng Ye,
  6. and Kevin P. O'Brien
Broadband quantum-limited amplifiers would advance applications in quantum information processing, metrology, and astronomy. However, conventional traveling-wave parametric amplifiers
(TWPAs) support broadband amplification at the cost of increased added noise. In this work, we develop and apply a multi-mode, quantum input-output theory to quantitatively identify the sidebands as a primary noise mechanism in all conventional TWPAs. We then propose an adiabatic Floquet mode scheme that effectively eliminates the sideband-induced noise and subsequently overcomes the trade-off between quantum efficiency (QE) and bandwidth. We then show that a Floquet mode Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier implementation can simultaneously achieve >20dB gain and a QE of η/ηideal>99.9% of the quantum limit over more than an octave of bandwidth. Crucially, Floquet mode TWPAs also strongly suppress the nonlinear forward-backward wave coupling and are therefore genuinely directional. Floquet mode TWPAs can thus be directly integrated on-chip without isolators, making near-perfect measurement efficiency possible. The proposed Floquet scheme is also widely applicable to other platforms such as kinetic inductance traveling-wave amplifiers and optical parametric amplifiers.