All-Pass Readout for Robust and Scalable Quantum Measurement

  1. Alec Yen,
  2. Yufeng Ye,
  3. Kaidong Peng,
  4. Jennifer Wang,
  5. Gregory Cunningham,
  6. Michael Gingras,
  7. Bethany M. Niedzielski,
  8. Hannah Stickler,
  9. Kyle Serniak,
  10. Mollie E. Schwartz,
  11. and Kevin P. O'Brien
Robust and scalable multiplexed qubit readout will be essential to the realization of a fault-tolerant quantum computer. To this end, we propose and demonstrate transmission-based dispersive
readout of a superconducting qubit using an all-pass resonator that preferentially emits readout photons in one direction. This is in contrast to typical readout schemes, which intentionally mismatch the feedline at one end so that the readout signal preferentially decays toward the output. We show that this intentional mismatch creates scaling challenges, including larger spread of effective resonator linewidths due to non-ideal impedance environments and added infrastructure for impedance matching. Our proposed „all-pass readout“ architecture avoids the need for intentional mismatch and aims to enable reliable, modular design of multiplexed qubit readout, thus improving the scaling prospects of quantum computers. We design and fabricate an all-pass readout resonator that demonstrates insertion loss below 1.17 dB at the readout frequency and a maximum insertion loss of 1.53 dB across its full bandwidth for the lowest three states of a transmon qubit. We demonstrate qubit readout with an average single-shot fidelity of 98.1% in 600 ns; to assess the effect of larger dispersive shift, we implement a shelving protocol and achieve a fidelity of 99.0% in 300 ns.

Broadband Microwave Isolation with Adiabatic Mode Conversion in Coupled Superconducting Transmission Lines

  1. Mahdi Naghiloo,
  2. Kaidong Peng,
  3. Yufeng Ye,
  4. Gregory Cunningham,
  5. and Kevin P. O'Brien
We propose a traveling wave scheme for broadband microwave isolation using parametric mode conversion in conjunction with adiabatic phase matching technique in a pair of coupled nonlinear
transmission lines. This scheme is compatible with the circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture (cQED) and provides isolation without introducing additional quantum noise. We first present the scheme in a general setting then propose an implementation with Josephson junction transmission lines. Numerical simulation shows more than 20 dB isolation over an octave bandwidth (4-8\,GHz) in a 2000 unit cell device with less than 0.05 dB insertion loss dominated by dielectric loss.