Ultrafast Single Qubit Gates through Multi-Photon Transition Removal

  1. Y. Gao,
  2. A. Galicia,
  3. J. D. Da Costa Jesus,
  4. Y. Liu,
  5. Y. Haddad,
  6. D. A. Volkov,
  7. J. R. Guimarães,
  8. H. Bhardwaj,
  9. M. Jerger,
  10. M. Neis,
  11. B. Li,
  12. F. A. Cárdenas-López,
  13. F. Motzoi,
  14. P. A. Bushev,
  15. and R. Barends
One of the main enablers in quantum computing is having qubit control that is precise and fast. However, qubits typically have multilevel structures making them prone to unwanted transitions
from fast gates. This leakage out of the computational subspace is especially detrimental to algorithms as it has been observed to cause long-lived errors, such as in quantum error correction. This forces a choice between either achieving fast gates or having low leakage. Previous works focus on suppressing leakage by mitigating the first to second excited state transition, overlooking multi-photon transitions, and achieving faster gates with further reductions in leakage has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate single qubit gates with a total leakage error consistently below 2.0×10−5, and obtain fidelities above 99.98% for pulse durations down to 6.8 ns for both X and X/2 gates. This is achieved by removing direct transitions beyond nearest-neighbor levels using a double recursive implementation of the Derivative Removal by Adiabatic Gate (DRAG) method, which we name the R2D method. Moreover, we find that at such short gate durations and strong driving strengths the main error source is from these higher order transitions. This is all shown in the widely-used superconducting transmon qubit, which has a weakly anharmonic level structure and suffers from higher order transitions significantly. We also introduce an approach for amplifying leakage error that can precisely quantify leakage rates below 10−6. The presented approach can be readily applied to other qubit types as well.

Hardware implementation of quantum stabilizers in superconducting circuits

  1. K. Dodge,
  2. Y. Liu,
  3. A. R. Klots,
  4. B. Cole,
  5. A. Shearrow,
  6. M. Senatore,
  7. S. Zhu,
  8. L.B. Ioffe,
  9. R. McDermott,
  10. and B. L. T. Plourde
Stabilizer operations are at the heart of quantum error correction and are typically implemented in software-controlled entangling gates and measurements of groups of qubits. Alternatively,
qubits can be designed so that the Hamiltonian corresponds directly to a stabilizer for protecting quantum information. We demonstrate such a hardware implementation of stabilizers in a superconducting circuit composed of chains of π-periodic Josephson elements. With local on-chip flux- and charge-biasing, we observe a softening of the energy band dispersion with respect to flux that is exponential in the number of frustrated plaquette elements, in close agreement with our numerical modeling.

Continuous quantum nondemolition measurement of the transverse component of a qubit

  1. U. Vool,
  2. S. Shankar,
  3. S. O. Mundhada,
  4. N. Ofek,
  5. A. Narla,
  6. K. Sliwa,
  7. E. Zalys-Geller,
  8. Y. Liu,
  9. L. Frunzio,
  10. R. J. Schoelkopf,
  11. S. M. Girvin,
  12. and M. H. Devoret
Quantum jumps of a qubit are usually observed between its energy eigenstates, also known as its longitudinal pseudo-spin component. Is it possible, instead, to observe quantum jumps
between the transverse superpositions of these eigenstates? We answer positively by presenting the first continuous quantum nondemolition measurement of the transverse component of an individual qubit. In a circuit QED system irradiated by two pump tones, we engineer an effective Hamiltonian whose eigenstates are the transverse qubit states, and a dispersive measurement of the corresponding operator. Such transverse component measurements are a useful tool in the driven-dissipative operation engineering toolbox, which is central to quantum simulation and quantum error correction.