(3D) integrated superconducting quantum processor in which two qubit chips are vertically stacked on opposing sides of a carrier chip and galvanically connected via multilayer flip-chip bonding. Intrachip qubit coupling is mediated by planar tunable couplers, whereas interchip coupling is enabled by vertical tunable couplers embedded in the carrier chip. Randomized benchmarking reveals simultaneous single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.87 % with negligible crosstalk, and controlled-Z gates achieve an average fidelity of 97.5 % for both intrachip and interchip operations. We further demonstrate high-fidelity Bell-state preparation and coherent generation of a four-qubit W state, confirming the architecture’s capability for interchip entanglement distribution. These results establish vertical coupling as a promising pathway toward scalable quantum processors compatible with advanced quantum error-correcting codes.
Breaking the scalability barrier via a vertical tunable coupler in 3D integrated transmon system
Scaling superconducting quantum processors beyond the constraints of monolithic planar architectures is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we demonstrate a three-dimensional