I am going to post here all newly submitted articles on the arXiv related to superconducting circuits. If your article has been accidentally forgotten, feel free to contact me
15
Dez
2021
Entanglement between superconducting qubits and a tardigrade
Quantum and biological systems are seldom discussed together as they seemingly demand opposing conditions. Life is complex, „hot and wet“ whereas quantum objects are small,
cold and well controlled. Here, we overcome this barrier with a tardigrade — a microscopic multicellular organism known to tolerate extreme physiochemical conditions via a latent state of life known as cryptobiosis. We observe coupling between the animal in cryptobiosis and a superconducting quantum bit and prepare a highly entangled state between this combined system and another qubit. The tardigrade itself is shown to be entangled with the remaining subsystems. The animal is then observed to return to its active form after 420 hours at sub 10 mK temperatures and pressure of 6×10−6 mbar, setting a new record for the conditions that a complex form of life can survive.
Collective bosonic effects in an array of transmon devices
Multiple atoms coherently interacting with an electromagnetic mode give rise to collective effects such as correlated decay and coherent exchange interaction, depending on the separation
of the atoms. By diagonalizing the effective non-Hermitian many-body Hamiltonian we reveal the complex-valued eigenvalue spectrum encoding the decay and interaction characteristics. We show that there are significant differences in the emerging effects for an array of interacting anharmonic oscillators compared to those of two-level systems and harmonic oscillators. The bosonic decay rate of the most superradiant state increases linearly as a function of the filling factor and exceeds that of two-level systems in magnitude. Furthermore, with bosonic systems, dark states are formed at each filling factor. These are in strong contrast with two-level systems, where the maximal superradiance is observed at half filling and with larger filling factors superradiance diminishes and no dark states are formed. As an experimentally relevant setup of bosonic waveguide QED, we focus on arrays of transmon devices embedded inside a rectangular waveguide. Specifically, we study the setup of two transmon pairs realized experimentally in M. Zanner et al., arXiv.2106.05623 (2021), and show that it is necessary to consider transmons as bosonic multilevel emitters to accurately recover correct collective effects for the higher excitation manifolds.
14
Dez
2021
The Effect of Parameter Variations on the Performance of the Josephson Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifiers
We have simulated the performance of the Josephson Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) based on the one-dimensional array of RF SQUIDs. Unlike the ideal model in which all
SQUIDs are assumed to be identical, we allowed variation of the device parameters such as the geometric inductance of the SQUID loop, capacitance to ground, Josephson junction capacitance and critical current. Our simulations confirm the negative effects of variation of the device parameters leading to microwave reflections between individual cells and the shift of the flux bias from the optimal point. The strongest effect is caused by the variation of the geometric inductance as it varies both the wave impedance and the flux bias. The most detrimental, however, are point defects, such as shorts to ground making the circuit opaque to microwaves. This imposes stringent requirements on the fabrication process making it extremely challenging. We highlight the strict limitations on parameter spread in these devices while also discussing the robustness of the scheme to variation
13
Dez
2021
Protected hybrid superconducting qubit in an array of gate-tunable Josephson interferometers
We propose a protected qubit based on a modular array of superconducting islands connected by semiconductor Josephson interferometers. The individual interferometers realize effective
cos2ϕ elements that exchange `pairs of Cooper pairs‘ between the superconducting islands when gate-tuned into balance and frustrated by a half flux quantum. If a large capacitor shunts the ends of the array, the circuit forms a protected qubit because its degenerate ground states are robust to offset charge and magnetic field fluctuations for a sizable window around zero offset charge and half flux quantum. This protection window broadens upon increasing the number of interferometers if the individual elements are balanced. We use an effective spin model to describe the system and show that a quantum phase transition point sets the critical flux value at which protection is destroyed.
11
Dez
2021
The Optimization of Flux Trajectories for the Adiabatic Controlled-Z Gate on Split-Tunable Transmons
In a system of two tunable-frequency qubits, it is well-known that adiabatic tuning into strong coupling-interaction regions between the qubit subspace and the rest of the Hilbert space
can be used to generate an effective controlled Z rotation. We address the problem of determining a preferable adiabatic trajectory for which to tune the qubit frequency along, and apply this to the flux-tunable transmon model. The especially minimally anharmonic nature of these quantum processors makes them good candidates for qubit control using non-computational states, as long as higher-level leakage is properly addressed. While the statement of this method has occurred multiple times in literature, there has been little discussion of which trajectories may be used. We present a generalized method for optimizing parameterized families of possible flux trajectories and provide examples of use on five test families of one and two parameters.
10
Dez
2021
Dispersive qubit readout with machine learning
Open quantum systems can undergo dissipative phase transitions, and their critical behavior can be exploited in sensing applications. For example, it can be used to enhance the fidelity
of superconducting qubit readout measurements, a central problem toward the creation of reliable quantum hardware. A recently introduced measurement protocol, named „critical parametric quantum sensing“, uses the parametric (two-photon driven) Kerr resonator’s driven-dissipative phase transition to reach single-qubit detection fidelity of 99.9\% [arXiv:2107.04503]. In this work, we improve upon the previous protocol by using machine learning-based classification algorithms to \textit{efficiently and rapidly} extract information from this critical dynamics, which has so far been neglected to focus only on stationary properties. These classification algorithms are applied to the time series data of weak quantum measurements (homodyne detection) of a circuit-QED implementation of the Kerr resonator coupled to a superconducting qubit. This demonstrates how machine learning methods enable a faster and more reliable measurement protocol in critical open quantum systems.
Identification of different types of high-frequency defects in superconducting qubits
Parasitic two-level-system (TLS) defects are one of the major factors limiting the coherence times of superconducting qubits. Although there has been significant progress in characterizing
basic parameters of TLS defects, exact mechanisms of interactions between a qubit and various types of TLS defects remained largely unexplored due to the lack of experimental techniques able to probe the form of qubit-defect couplings. Here we present an experimental method of TLS defect spectroscopy using a strong qubit drive that allowed us to distinguish between various types of qubit-defect interactions. By applying this method to a capacitively shunted flux qubit, we detected a rare type of TLS defects with a nonlinear qubit-defect coupling due to critical-current fluctuations, as well as conventional TLS defects with a linear coupling to the qubit caused by charge fluctuations. The presented approach could become the routine method for high-frequency defect inspection and quality control in superconducting qubit fabrication, providing essential feedback for fabrication process optimization. The reported method is a powerful tool to uniquely identify the type of noise fluctuations caused by TLS defects, enabling the development of realistic noise models relevant to fault-tolerant quantum control.
Combined Dissipative and Hamiltonian Confinement of Cat Qubits
Quantum error correction with biased-noised qubits can drastically reduce the hardware overhead for universal and fault-tolerant quantum computation. Cat qubits are a promising realization
of biased-noised qubits as they feature an exponential error bias inherited from their non-local encoding in the phase space of a quantum harmonic oscillator. To confine the state of an oscillator to the cat qubit manifold, two main approaches have been considered so far: a Kerr-based Hamiltonian confinement with high gate performances, and a dissipative confinement with robust protection against a broad range of noise mechanisms. We introduce a new combined dissipative and Hamiltonian confinement scheme based on two-photon dissipation together with a Two-Photon Exchange (TPE) Hamiltonian. The TPE Hamiltonian is similar to Kerr nonlinearity, but unlike the Kerr it only induces a bounded distinction between even- and odd-photon eigenstates, a highly beneficial feature for protecting the cat qubits with dissipative mechanisms. Using this combined confinement scheme, we demonstrate fast and bias-preserving gates with drastically improved performance compared to dissipative or Hamiltonian schemes. In addition, this combined scheme can be implemented experimentally with only minor modifications of existing dissipative cat qubit experiments.
09
Dez
2021
Microwave calibration of qubit drive line components at millikelvin temperatures
Systematic errors in qubit state preparation arise due to non-idealities in the qubit control lines such as impedance mismatch. Using a data-based methodology of short-open-load calibration
at a temperature of 30 mK, we report calibrated 1-port scattering parameter data of individual qubit drive line components. At 5~GHz, cryogenic return losses of a 20-dB-attenuator, 10-dB-attenuator, a 230-mm-long 0.86-mm silver-plated cupronickel coaxial cable, and a 230-mm-long 0.86-mm NbTi coaxial cable were found to be 35+3−2 dB, 33+3−2 dB, 34+3−2 dB, and 29+2−1 dB respectively. For the same frequency, we also extract cryogenic insertion losses of 0.99+0.04−0.04 dB and 0.02+0.04−0.04 dB for the coaxial cables. We interpret the results using a master equation simulation of all XY gates performed on a single qubit. For example, we simulate a sequence of two 5 ns gate pulses (X & Y) through a 2-element Fabry-Pérot cavity with 400-mm path length directly preceding the qubit, and establish that the return loss of its reflective elements must be >9.42 dB (> 14.3 dB) to obtain 99.9 % (99.99 %) gate fidelity.
Low-loss high-impedance circuit for quantum transduction between optical and microwave photons
Quantum transducers between microwave and optical photons are essential for long-distance quantum networks based on superconducting qubits. An optically active self-assembled quantum
dot molecule (QDM) is an attractive platform for the implementation of a quantum transducer because an exciton in a QDM can be efficiently coupled to both optical and microwave fields at the single-photon level. Recently, the transduction between microwave and optical photons has been demonstrated with a QDM integrated with a superconducting resonator. In this paper, we present a design of a QD-high impedance resonator device with a low microwave loss and an expected large single-microwave photon coupling strength of 100s of MHz. We integrate self-assembled QDs onto a high-impedance superconducting resonator using a transfer printing technique and demonstrate a low-microwave loss rate of 1.8 MHz and gate tunability of the QDs. The microwave loss rate is much lower than the expected QDM-resonator coupling strength as well as the typical transmon-resonator coupling strength. This feature will facilitate efficient quantum transduction between an optical and microwave qubit.