Qubit error bursts in superconducting quantum processors of Quantum Inspire: quasiparticle pumping and anomalous time dependence

  1. G. R. Di Carlo,
  2. M. Samiotis,
  3. A. Kamlapure,
  4. M. Finkel,
  5. N. Muthusubramanian,
  6. M. W. Beekman,
  7. N. Haider,
  8. B. Segers,
  9. S. Vallés-Sanclemente,
  10. and L. DiCarlo
We investigate qubit error bursts in 5- and 7-transmon processors of similar design, fabrication and packaging, but with different types of qubit Josephson junctions. Measurements for
each are performed in two refrigerators to discern device-specific from refrigerator-dependent characteristics. The duration and rate of bursts are device specific but within the range of prior experiments and consistent with ionizing radiation. We observe two unforeseen signatures specifically in the processor with Dolan junctions. First, increasing the rate of π pulsing in the detection scheme shortens the recovery time to equilibrium, which is explained by a quasiparticle pumping mechanism. The second signature is an anomalous time dependence in the burst rate: a surge happens days or weeks after cooldown, followed by a strong suppression that persists until thermal cycling.

Optimizing the frequency positioning of tunable couplers in a circuit QED processor to mitigate spectator effects on quantum operations

  1. S. Vallés-Sanclemente,
  2. T. H. F. Vroomans,
  3. T. R. van Abswoude,
  4. F. Brulleman,
  5. T. Stavenga,
  6. S. L. M. van der Meer,
  7. Y. Xin,
  8. A. Lawrence,
  9. V. Singh,
  10. M. A. Rol,
  11. and L. DiCarlo
We experimentally optimize the frequency of flux-tunable couplers in a superconducting quantum processor to minimize the impact of spectator transmons during quantum operations (single-qubit
gates, two-qubit gates and readout) on other transmons. We adapt a popular transmon-like tunable-coupling element, achieving high-fidelity, low-leakage controlled-Z gates with unipolar, fast-adiabatic pulsing only on the coupler. We demonstrate the ability of the tunable coupler to null residual ZZ coupling as well as exchange couplings in the one- and two-excitation manifolds. However, the nulling of these coherent interactions is not simultaneous, prompting the exploration of tradeoffs. We present experiments pinpointing spectator effects on specific quantum operations. We also study the combined effect on the three types of operations using repeated quantum parity measurements.

Post-fabrication frequency trimming of coplanar-waveguide resonators in circuit QED quantum processors

  1. S. Vallés-Sanclemente,
  2. S. L. M. van der Meer,
  3. M. Finkel,
  4. N. Muthusubramanian,
  5. M. Beekman,
  6. H. Ali,
  7. J. F. Marques,
  8. C. Zachariadis,
  9. H. M. Veen,
  10. T. Stavenga,
  11. N. Haider,
  12. and L. DiCarlo
We present the use of grounding airbridge arrays to trim the frequency of microwave coplanar-waveguide (CPW) resonators post fabrication. This method is compatible with the fabrication
steps of conventional CPW airbridges and crossovers and increases device yield by allowing compensation of design and fabrication uncertainty with 100 MHz range and 10 MHz resolution. We showcase two applications in circuit QED. The first is elimination of frequency crowding between resonators intended to readout different transmons by frequency-division multiplexing. The second is frequency matching of readout and Purcell-filter resonator pairs. Combining this matching with transmon frequency trimming by laser annealing reliably achieves fast and high-fidelity readout across 17-transmon quantum processors.

All-microwave leakage reduction units for quantum error correction with superconducting transmon qubits

  1. J. F. Marques,
  2. H. Ali,
  3. B. M. Varbanov,
  4. M. Finkel,
  5. H. M. Veen,
  6. S. L. M. van der Meer,
  7. S. Valles-Sanclemente,
  8. N. Muthusubramanian,
  9. M. Beekman,
  10. N. Haider,
  11. B. M. Terhal,
  12. and L. DiCarlo
Minimizing leakage from computational states is a challenge when using many-level systems like superconducting quantum circuits as qubits. We realize and extend the quantum-hardware-efficient,
all-microwave leakage reduction unit (LRU) for transmons in a circuit QED architecture proposed by Battistel et al. This LRU effectively reduces leakage in the second- and third-excited transmon states with up to 99% efficacy in 220 ns, with minimum impact on the qubit subspace. As a first application in the context of quantum error correction, we demonstrate the ability of multiple simultaneous LRUs to reduce the error detection rate and to suppress leakage buildup within 1% in data and ancilla qubits over 50 cycles of a weight-2 parity measurement.