Simulation Framework for the Automated Search of Optimal Parameters Using Physically Relevant Metrics in Nonlinear Superconducting Quantum Circuits

  1. Emanuele Palumbo,
  2. Alessandro Alocco,
  3. Andrea Celotto,
  4. Luca Fasolo,
  5. Bernardo Galvano,
  6. Patrizia Livreri,
  7. and Emanuele Enrico
In this contribution we present this http URL (JCO), a simulation and optimization framework based on the this http URL library for Julia. It models superconducting circuits that include
Josephson junctions (JJs) and other nonlinear elements within a lumped-element approach, leveraging harmonic balance, a frequency-domain technique that provides a computationally efficient alternative to traditional time-domain simulations. JCO automates the evaluation of optimal circuit parameters by implementing Bayesian optimization with Gaussian processes through a device-specific metric and identifying the optimal working point to achieve a defined performance function. This makes it well suited for circuits with strong nonlinearity and a high-dimensional set of coupled design parameters. To demonstrate its capabilities, we focus on optimizing a Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) based on Superconducting Nonlinear Asymmetric Inductive eLements (SNAILs), operating in the three-wave mixing regime. The device consists of an array of unit cells, each containing a loop with multiple JJs, that amplifies weak quantum signals near the quantum noise limit. By integrating efficient simulation and optimization strategies, the framework supports the systematic development of superconducting circuits for a broad range of applications.

Microwave Quantum Radar using a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier

  1. Patrizia Livreri,
  2. Emanuele Enrico,
  3. Luca Fasolo,
  4. Angelo Greco,
  5. Alessio Rettaroli,
  6. David Vitali,
  7. Alfonso Farina,
  8. Francesco Marchetti,
  9. and Dario Giacomin
Detection of low-reflectivity objects can be improved by the so-called quantum illumination procedure. However, quantum detection probability exponentially decays with the source bandwidth.
The Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPAs) technology utilized as a source, generating a pair of entangled signals called two-mode squeezed vacuum states, shows a very narrow bandwidth limiting the operation of the microwave quantum radar (MQR). In this paper, for the first time, a microwave quantum radar setup based on quantum illumination protocol and using a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) is proposed. Measurement results of the developed JTWPA, pumped at 12 GHz, show an ultrawide bandwidth equal to 10 GHz at X-band making our MQR a promising candidate for the detection of stealth objects.

Josephson Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifiers as Non-Classical Light Source for Microwave Quantum Illumination

  1. Luca Fasolo,
  2. Angelo Greco,
  3. Emanuele Enrico,
  4. Fabrizio Illuminati,
  5. Rosario Lo Franco,
  6. David Vitali,
  7. and Patrizia Livreri
Detection of low-reflectivity objects can be enriched via the so-called quantum illumination procedure. In order that this quantum procedure outperforms classical detection protocols,
entangled states of microwave radiation are initially required. In this paper, we discuss the role of Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPAs), based on circuit-QED components, as suitable sources of a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, a special signal-idler entangled state. The obtained wide bandwidth makes the JTWPA an ideal candidate for generating quantum radiation in quantum metrology and information processing applications.