nonlinear simulations. Josephson Circuits Optimizer addresses this problem by using harmonic balance simulations in two stages: fast linear simulations to select promising circuit configurations according to properties such as impedance and phase matching, followed by nonlinear simulations to optimize their operating conditions. However, pump-induced effects such as impedance renormalization and Kerr-induced modifications of phase matching are not captured during the initial linear stage. We therefore introduce a nonlinear feedback extension that transfers information from the pumped response back to the linear optimization. The approach is investigated using a Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier with a reversed-Kerr architecture, whose model is validated against experimental gain measurements. We then evaluate the difference between the linear and pumped response values of a metric based on the input reflection coefficient, while excluding configurations with insufficient third-harmonic suppression. This discrepancy is considered a candidate feedback observable, as it exhibits features similar to the gain landscape, supporting its use in subsequent optimization cycles.
Nonlinear Feedback in Josephson Circuit Optimization: Application to a Kerr-Reversal JTWPA
Optimizing Josephson-based nonlinear microwave devices is computationally demanding because the straightforward approach requires exploring broad circuit parameter spaces through expensive