Mitigating crosstalk errors for simultaneous single-qubit gates on a superconducting quantum processor

  1. Jaap J. Wesdorp,
  2. Eric Hyyppä,
  3. Joona Andersson,
  4. Janos Adam,
  5. Rohit Beriwal,
  6. Ville Bergholm,
  7. Saga Dahl,
  8. Simone Diego Fasciati,
  9. Alejandro Gomez Friero,
  10. Zheming Gao,
  11. Daria Gusenkova,
  12. Andrew Guthrie,
  13. Johannes Heinsoo,
  14. Tuukka Hiltunen,
  15. Keiran Holland,
  16. Amin Hosseinkhani,
  17. Sinan Inel,
  18. Joni Ikonen,
  19. Shan W. Jolin,
  20. Kristinn Juliusson,
  21. Seung-Goo Kim,
  22. Anton Komlev,
  23. Roope Kokkoniemi,
  24. Otto Koskinen,
  25. Joonas Kylmälä,
  26. Alessandro Landra,
  27. Julia Lamprich,
  28. Magdalena Lehmuskoski,
  29. Nizar Lethif,
  30. Per Liebermann,
  31. Tianyi Li,
  32. Aleksi Lintunen,
  33. Fabian Marxer,
  34. Kunal Mitra,
  35. Jakub Mrożek,
  36. Lucas Ortega,
  37. Miha Papič,
  38. Matti Partanen,
  39. Alexander Plyushch,
  40. Stefan Pogorzalek,
  41. Michael Renger,
  42. Jussi Ritvas,
  43. Sampo Saarinen,
  44. Indrajeet Sagar,
  45. Matthew Sarsby,
  46. Mykhailo Savytskyi,
  47. Ville Selinmaa,
  48. Ivan Takmakov,
  49. Brian Tarasinski,
  50. Francesca Tosto,
  51. David Vasey,
  52. Panu Vesanen,
  53. Jeroen Verjauw,
  54. Alpo Välimaa,
  55. Nicola Wurz,
  56. Hsiang-Sheng Ku,
  57. Frank Deppe,
  58. Juha Hassel,
  59. Caspar Ockeloen-Korppi,
  60. Wei Liu,
  61. Jani Tuorila,
  62. Chun Fai Chan,
  63. Attila Geresdi,
  64. and Antti Vepsäläinen
Single-qubit gates on superconducting quantum processors are typically implemented using microwave pulses applied through dedicated control lines. However, these microwave pulses may
also drive other qubits due to crosstalk arising from capacitive coupling and wavefunction overlap in systems with closely spaced transition frequencies. Crosstalk and frequency crowding increase errors during simultaneous single-qubit operations relative to isolated gates, thus forming a major bottleneck for scaling superconducting quantum processors. In this work, we combine model-based qubit frequency optimization with pulse shaping to demonstrate crosstalk error mitigation in single-qubit gates on a 49-qubit superconducting quantum processor. We introduce and experimentally verify an analytical model of simultaneous single-qubit gate error caused by microwave crosstalk that depends on a given pulse shape. By employing a model-based optimization strategy of qubit frequencies, we minimize the crosstalk-induced error across the processor and achieve a mean simultaneous single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.96% for a 16-ns gate duration, approaching the mean individual gate fidelity. To further reduce the simultaneous error and required qubit frequency bandwidth on high-crosstalk qubit pairs, we introduce a crosstalk transition suppression (CTS) pulse shaping technique that minimizes the spectral energy around transitions inducing leakage and crosstalk errors. Finally, we combine CTS with model-based frequency optimization across the device and experimentally show a systematic reduction in the required qubit frequency bandwidth for high-fidelity simultaneous gates, supported by simulations of systems with up to 1000 qubits. By alleviating constraints on qubit frequency bandwidth for parallel single-qubit operations, this work represents an important step for scaling towards larger quantum processors.

Manipulating Fock states of a harmonic oscillator while preserving its linearity

  1. Kristinn Juliusson,
  2. Simon Bernon,
  3. Xin Zhou,
  4. Vivien Schmitt,
  5. Hélène le Sueur,
  6. Patrice Bertet,
  7. Denis Vion,
  8. Mazyar Mirahimi,
  9. Pierre Rouchon,
  10. and Daniel Esteve
We present a new scheme for controlling the quantum state of a harmonic oscillator by coupling it to an anharmonic multilevel system (MLS) with first to second excited state transition
frequency on-resonance with the oscillator. In this scheme that we call „ef-resonant“, the spurious oscillator Kerr non-linearity inherited from the MLS is very small, while its Fock states can still be selectively addressed via an MLS transition at a frequency that depends on the number of photons. We implement this concept in a circuit-QED setup with a microwave 3D cavity (the oscillator, with frequency 6.4 GHz and quality factor QO=2E-6) embedding a frequency tunable transmon qubit (the MLS). We characterize the system spectroscopically and demonstrate selective addressing of Fock states and a Kerr non-linearity below 350 Hz. At times much longer than the transmon coherence times, a non-linear cavity response with driving power is also observed and explained.

Contextuality without nonlocality in a superconducting quantum system

  1. Markus Jerger,
  2. Yarema Reshitnyk,
  3. Markus Oppliger,
  4. Anton Potočnik,
  5. Mintu Mondal,
  6. Andreas Wallraff,
  7. Kenneth Goodenough,
  8. Stephanie Wehner,
  9. Kristinn Juliusson,
  10. Nathan K. Langford,
  11. and Arkady Fedorov
Quantum physics cannot be reconciled with the classical philosophy of noncontextual realism. Realism demands that system properties exist independently of whether they are measured,
while noncontextuality demands that the results of measurements do not depend on what other measurements are performed in conjunction with them. The Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem states that noncontextual realism cannot reproduce the measurement statistics of a single three-level quantum system (qutrit). Noncontextual realistic models may thus be tested using a single qutrit without relying on the notion of quantum entanglement in contrast to Bell inequality tests. It is challenging to refute such models experimentally, since imperfections may introduce loopholes that enable a realist interpretation. Using a superconducting qutrit with deterministic, binary-outcome readouts, we violate a noncontextuality inequality while addressing the detection, individual-existence and compatibility loopholes. Noncontextuality tests have been carried out in a range of different physical systems and dimensionalities, including neutrons, trapped ions and single photons, but no experiment addressing all three loopholes has been performed in the qutrit scenario where entanglement cannot play a role. Demonstrating state-dependent contextuality of a solid-state system is also an important conceptual ingredient for universal quantum computation in surface-code architectures, currently the most promising route to scalable quantum computing.

Realization of a binary-outcome projection measurement of a three-level superconducting quantum system

  1. Markus Jerger,
  2. Pascal Macha,
  3. Andrés Rosario Hamann,
  4. Yarema Reshitnyk,
  5. Kristinn Juliusson,
  6. and Arkady Fedorov
The ability to determine whether a multi-level quantum system is in a certain state while preserving quantum coherence between all orthorgonal states is necessary to realize binary-outcome
compatible measurements which are, in turn, a prerequisite for testing the contextuality of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we use a three-level superconducting system (a qutrit) coupled to a microwave cavity to explore different regimes of quantum measurement. In particular, we engineer the dispersive shifts of the cavity frequency to be identical for the first and second excited states of the qutrit which allows us to realize a strong projective binary-outcome measurement onto its ground state with a fidelity of 94.3%. Complemented with standard microwave control and low-noise parametric amplification, this scheme can be used to create sets of compatible measurements to reveal the contextual nature of superconducting circuits.