Multimode Parametric Amplifier for K-Band Quantum Measurements

  1. Chulwoo Ahn,
  2. and Vladimir Manucharyan
We demonstrate K-band nondegenerate three-wave-mixing amplification in a multimode resonator comprising an array of 500 SNAILs. Pairing K-band signal modes with lower-frequency internal
idler modes enables 20 dB of gain continuously from 19.6 to 25.6 GHz with pump frequencies below 32.2 GHz. At 20 dB gain, the 3-dB bandwidth ranges from 2.6 to 11.7 MHz, and the input-referred 1-dB compression power reaches -100.9 dBm. In the 20-22 GHz band, the average added noise is 0.73 quanta. A two-mode nondegenerate parametric amplification model describes the measured gain response and gain-bandwidth behavior, while a multimode Kerr model captures the overall compression scale. Our amplifier provides a practical solution for implementing a state-of-the-art readout of superconducting qubits in the K-band.

Syndrome-Resolved Decoding of Qubit Readout Errors

  1. Han Zheng,
  2. Vladimir Pešić,
  3. Nikolay Gusarov,
  4. Andrea Lizzit,
  5. Taketo Imaizumi,
  6. Chulwoo Ahn,
  7. Marco Nicolas Mueller,
  8. Raymond Mencia,
  9. Edoardo Charbon,
  10. and Vladimir E. Manucharyan
Readout errors in superconducting qubits include incorrect state assignment, bit flips within the computational subspace, and leakage to non-computational states. These errors require
different mitigation strategies, yet conventional measurement fidelity and repeatability metrics do not resolve their individual contributions. Previous repeated-readout studies have shown that temporal correlations reveal additional information about readout errors. Here we introduce the Readout Error Decoder (RED), which converts repeated thresholded binary records into a channel-resolved error budget. Controlled error injections validate the channel-specific response of the decoder. We demonstrate RED on both fluxonium and transmon qubits and across distinct leakage-lifetime regimes. RED identifies the error channels limiting readout performance without requiring dedicated discrimination of non-computational states, providing a basis for targeted readout optimization across different qubit modalities.