High-fidelity CZ gate for resonator-based superconducting quantum computers

  1. Joydip Ghosh,
  2. Andrei Galiautdinov,
  3. Zhongyuan Zhou,
  4. Alexander N. Korotkov,
  5. John M. Martinis,
  6. and Michael R. Geller
. This architecture consists of superconducting"]qubits capacitively coupled both to individual memory resonators as well as a common bus. In this work we study a natural primitive entangling gate for this and related resonator-based architectures, which consists of a CZ operation between a qubit and the bus. The CZ gate is implemented with the aid of the non-computational qubit |2> state [F. W. Strauch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 167005 (2003)]. Assuming phase or transmon qubits with 300 MHz anharmonicity, we show that by using only low frequency qubit-bias control it is possible to implement the qubit-bus CZ gate with 99.9% (99.99%) fidelity in about 17ns (23ns) with a realistic two-parameter pulse profile, plus two auxiliary z rotations. The fidelity measure we refer to here is a state-averaged intrinsic process fidelity, which does not include any effects of noise or decoherence. These results apply to a multi-qubit device that includes strongly coupled memory resonators. We investigate the performance of the qubit-bus CZ gate as a function of qubit anharmonicity, indentify the dominant intrinsic error mechanism and derive an associated fidelity estimator, quantify the pulse shape sensitivity and precision requirements, simulate qubit-qubit CZ gates that are mediated by the bus resonator, and also attempt a global optimization of system parameters including resonator frequencies and couplings. Our results are relevant for a wide range of superconducting hardware designs that incorporate resonators and suggest that it should be possible to demonstrate a 99.9% CZ gate with existing transmon qubits, which would constitute an important step towards the development of an error-corrected superconducting quantum computer.

Controlled catch and release of microwave photon states

  1. Yi Yin,
  2. Yu Chen,
  3. Daniel Sank,
  4. P. J. J. O'Malley,
  5. T. C. White,
  6. R. Barends,
  7. J. Kelly,
  8. Erik Lucero,
  9. Matteo Mariantoni,
  10. A. Megrant,
  11. C. Neill,
  12. A. Vainsencher,
  13. J. Wenner,
  14. Alexander N. Korotkov,
  15. A. N. Cleland,
  16. and John M. Martinis
, in which the resonant cavity confines photons and promotes"]strong light-matter interactions. The cavity end-mirrors determine the performance of the coupled system, with higher mirror reflectivity yielding better quantum coherence, but higher mirror transparency giving improved measurement and control, forcing a compromise. An alternative is to control the mirror transparency, enabling switching between long photon lifetime during quantum interactions and large signal strength when performing measurements. Here we demonstrate the superconducting analogue, using a quantum system comprising a resonator and a qubit, with variable coupling to a measurement transmission line. The coupling can be adjusted through zero to a photon emission rate 1,000 times the intrinsic photon decay rate. We use this system to control photons in coherent states as well as in non-classical Fock states, and dynamically shape the waveform of released photons. This has direct applications to circuit quantum electrodynamics [3], and may enable high-fidelity quantum state transfer between distant qubits, for which precisely-controlled waveform shaping is a critical and non-trivial requirement [4, 5].

Simple quantum error detection and correction for superconducting qubits

  1. Kyle Keane,
  2. and Alexander N. Korotkov
We analyze simple quantum error detection and quantum error correction protocols relevant to current experiments with superconducting qubits. We show that for qubits with energy relaxation
the repetitive N-qubit codes cannot be used for quantum error correction, but can be used for quantum error detection. In the latter case it is sufficient to use only two qubits for the encoding. In the analysis we demonstrate a useful technique of unraveling the qubit energy relaxation into „relaxation“ and „no relaxation“ scenarios. Also, we propose and numerically analyze several two-qubit algorithms for quantum error detection/correction, which can be readily realized at the present-day level of the phase qubit technology.