A direct controlled-phase gate between microwave photons

  1. Adrian Copetudo,
  2. Amon M. Kasper,
  3. Tanjung Krisnanda,
  4. Gregoire Veyrac,
  5. Shushen Qin,
  6. Hui Khoon Ng,
  7. and Yvonne Y. Gao
Useful quantum information processing ultimately requires operations over large Hilbert spaces, where logical information can be encoded efficiently and protected against noise. Harmonic
oscillators naturally provide access to such high-dimensional spaces and enable hardware-efficient, error-correctable bosonic encodings. However, direct entangling operations between oscillators remains an outstanding challenge. Existing strategies typically rely on parametrically activating interactions that populate the excited states of an ancillary nonlinear element. This induces an effective interaction between the oscillators, at the expense of introducing additional dissipation channels and potential leakage from the encoded manifold. Here, we engineer a Raman-assisted cross-Kerr interaction between microwave photons hosted in two superconducting cavities, without exciting the nonlinear element, thereby suppressing coupler-induced this http URL approach generates a direct coupling between microwave photons that is exploited to implement a controlled-phase gate within the single- and two-photon subspaces of two oscillators, directly entangling them. Finally, we harness this dynamics to map the photon-number parity of a storage cavity onto an auxiliary oscillator rather than a nonlinear element, enabling error detection while protecting the storage mode from measurement-induced decoherence. Our work expands the bosonic circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) toolbox by enabling coherence-preserving direct photon-photon interactions between oscillators. This realizes an entangling gate that operates entirely within a bosonic code space while suppressing decoherence from nonlinear ancilla excitations, providing a key primitive for fault-tolerant bosonic quantum computing.

Realizing a Deterministic Source of Multipartite-Entangled Photonic Qubits

  1. Jean-Claude Besse,
  2. Kevin Reuer,
  3. Michele C. Collodo,
  4. Arne Wulff,
  5. Lucien Wernli,
  6. Adrian Copetudo,
  7. Daniel Malz,
  8. Paul Magnard,
  9. Abdulkadir Akin,
  10. Mihai Gabureac,
  11. Graham J. Norris,
  12. J. Ignacio Cirac,
  13. Andreas Wallraff,
  14. and Christopher Eichler
Sources of entangled electromagnetic radiation are a cornerstone in quantum information processing and offer unique opportunities for the study of quantum many-body physics in a controlled
experimental setting. While multi-mode entangled states of radiation have been generated in various platforms, all previous experiments are either probabilistic or restricted to generate specific types of states with a moderate entanglement length. Here, we demonstrate the fully deterministic generation of purely photonic entangled states such as the cluster, GHZ, and W state by sequentially emitting microwave photons from a controlled auxiliary system into a waveguide. We tomographically reconstruct the entire quantum many-body state for up to N=4 photonic modes and infer the quantum state for even larger N from process tomography. We estimate that localizable entanglement persists over a distance of approximately ten photonic qubits, outperforming any previous deterministic scheme.