I am going to post here all newly submitted articles on the arXiv related to superconducting circuits. If your article has been accidentally forgotten, feel free to contact me
28
Okt
2021
Can the displacemon device test objective collapse models?
Testing the limits of the applicability of quantum mechanics will deepen our understanding of the universe and may shed light on the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity.
At present there is a wide range of approaches for such macroscopic tests spanning matter-wave interferometry of large molecules to precision measurements of heating rates in the motion of micro-scale cantilevers. The „displacemon“ is a proposed electromechanical device consisting of a mechanical resonator flux coupled to a superconducting qubit, which could be used to generate and observe quantum interference between centre-of-mass trajectories in the motion of a resonator. In the original proposal, the mechanical resonator was a carbon nanotube, containing 106 nucleons. Such a superposition would be massive by comparison to the present state-of-the-art, but still small compared with the mass scales on which we might feasibly test objective collapse models. Here, instead of a carbon nanotube, we propose using an aluminium mechanical resonator on two larger mass scales, one inspired by the Marshall-Simon-Penrose-Bouwmeester moving-mirror proposal, and one set by the Planck mass. For such a device, we examine the experimental requirements needed to perform a more macroscopic quantum test and thus feasibly detect the decoherence effects predicted by two objective collapse models: Diósi-Penrose and continuous spontaneous localization. Our protocol for testing these two theories takes advantage of the displacemon architecture by analyzing the measurement statistics of a superconducting qubit. We find that with improvements to the fabrication and vibration sensitivities of these electromechanical devices, the displacemon interferometer provides a new route to feasibly test decoherence mechanisms beyond standard quantum theory.
25
Okt
2021
Design of Novel Coupling Mechanisms between Superconducting Flux Qubits
We have analyzed and proposed coupling mechanisms between Three Josephson Junction Flux Qubits (3JJQ). For this, we have developed a numerical method to extract the effective Hamiltonian
of a system of coupled qubits via the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation (SWT). We then give a comprehensive introduction to the 3JJQ, and study it analytically by approximating its potential with a Harmonic well. With a clear understanding of the 3JJQs, we use the SWT to gain intuition about their effective dipolar interaction with the electromagnetic field, and use that intuition to propose and study analytically and numerically the capacitive coupling of two 3JJQs via a non-tunable capacitor, and the inductive coupling of two 3JJQs via a tunable Josephson Junction (dc-SQUID), showing that we are able to reproduce non-stoquastic Hamiltonians in the strong-coupling regime.
Quantum crosstalk analysis for simultaneous gate operations on superconducting qubits
Maintaining or even improving gate performance with growing numbers of parallel controlled qubits is a vital requirement towards fault-tolerant quantum computing. For superconducting
quantum processors, though isolated one- or two-qubit gates have been demonstrated with high-fidelity, implementing these gates in parallel commonly show worse performance. Generally, this degradation is attributed to various crosstalks between qubits, such as quantum crosstalk due to residual inter-qubit coupling. An understanding of the exact nature of these crosstalks is critical to figuring out respective mitigation schemes and improved qubit architecture designs with low crosstalk. Here we give a theoretical analysis of quantum crosstalk impact on simultaneous gate operations in a qubit architecture, where fixed-frequency transmon qubits are coupled via a tunable bus, and sub-100-ns controlled-Z (CZ) gates can be realized by applying a baseband flux pulse on the bus. Our analysis shows that for microwave-driven single qubit gates, the dressing from qubit-qubit coupling can cause non-negligible cross-driving errors when qubits operate near frequency collision regions. During CZ gate operations, although unwanted near-neighbor interactions are nominally turned off, sub-MHz parasitic next-near-neighbor interactions involving spectator qubits can still exist, causing considerable leakage or control error when one operates qubit systems around these parasitic resonance points. To ensure high-fidelity simultaneous operations, this could rise a request to figure out a better way to balance the gate error from target qubit systems themselves and the error from non-participating spectator qubits. Overall, our analysis suggests that towards useful quantum processors, the qubit architecture should be examined carefully in the context of high-fidelity simultaneous gate operations in a scalable qubit lattice.
22
Okt
2021
Error-divisible two-qubit gates
We introduce a simple, widely applicable formalism for designing „error-divisible“ two qubit gates: a quantum gate set where fractional rotations have proportionally reduced
error compared to the full entangling gate. In current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithms, performance is largely constrained by error proliferation at high circuit depths, of which two-qubit gate error is generally the dominant contribution. Further, in many hardware implementations, arbitrary two qubit rotations must be composed from multiple two-qubit stock gates, further increasing error. This work introduces a set of criteria, and example waveforms and protocols to satisfy them, using superconducting qubits with tunable couplers for constructing continuous gate sets with significantly reduced error for small-angle rotations. If implemented at scale, NISQ algorithm performance would be significantly improved by our error-divisible gate protocols.
21
Okt
2021
Active resonator depletion with short microwave pulses
We propose a physical model to explain the phenomenon of photon depletion in superconducting microwave resonators in the dispersive regime, coupled to Josephson junction qubits, via
short microwave pulses. We discuss the conditions for matching the amplitude and phase of the pulse optimally within the framework of the model, allowing for significant reductions in reset times after measurement of the qubits. We consider how to deal with pulses and transient dynamics within the input-output formalism, along with a reassessment of the underlying assumptions for a wide-band pulse.
20
Okt
2021
Machine Learning for Continuous Quantum Error Correction on Superconducting Qubits
We propose a machine learning algorithm for continuous quantum error correction that is based on the use of a recurrent neural network to identity bit-flip errors from continuous noisy
syndrome measurements. The algorithm is designed to operate on measurement signals deviating from the ideal behavior in which the mean value corresponds to a code syndrome value and the measurement has white noise. We analyze continuous measurements taken from a superconducting architecture using three transmon qubits to identify three significant practical examples of non-ideal behavior, namely auto-correlation at temporal short lags, transient syndrome dynamics after each bit-flip, and drift in the steady-state syndrome values over the course of many experiments. Based on these real-world imperfections, we generate synthetic measurement signals from which to train the recurrent neural network, and then test its proficiency when implementing active error correction, comparing this with a traditional double threshold scheme and a discrete Bayesian classifier. The results show that our machine learning protocol is able to outperform the double threshold protocol across all tests, achieving a final state fidelity comparable to the discrete Bayesian classifier.
18
Okt
2021
Vantablack Shielding of Superconducting Qubit Systems
Circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) experiments on superconducting qubit systems typically employ radiation shields coated in photon absorbing materials to achieve high qubit coherence
and low microwave resonator losses. In this work, we present preliminary results on the performance of Vantablack as a novel infrared (IR) shielding material for cQED systems. We compare the coherence properties and residual excited state population (or effective qubit temperature) of a single-junction transmon qubit housed in a shield coated with a standard epoxy-based IR absorbing material, i.e. Berkeley Black, to the coherence and effective temperature of the same qubit in a shield coated in Vantablack. Based on a statistical analysis of multiple qubit coherence measurements we find that the performance of the radiation shield coated with Vantablack is comparable in performance to the standard coating. However, we find that in the Vantablack coated shield the qubit has a higher effective temperature. These results indicate that improvements are likely required to optimize the performance of Vantablack as an IR shielding material for superconducting qubit experiments and we discuss possible routes for such improvements. Finally we describe possible future experiments to more precisely quantify the performance of Vantablack to improve the coherences of more complex cQED systems.
Non-destructive optical readout of a superconducting qubit
Entangling superconducting quantum processors via light would enable new means of secure communication and distributed quantum computing. However, transducing quantum signals between
these disparate regimes of the electromagnetic spectrum remains an outstanding goal, and interfacing superconducting qubits with electro-optic transducers presents significant challenges due to the deleterious effects of optical photons on superconductors. Moreover, many remote entanglement protocols require multiple qubit gates both preceding and following the upconversion of the quantum state, and thus an ideal transducer should leave the state of the qubit unchanged: more precisely, the backaction from the transducer on the qubit should be minimal. Here we demonstrate non-destructive optical readout of a superconducting transmon qubit via a continuously operated electro-optic transducer. The modular nature of the transducer and circuit QED system used in this work enable complete isolation of the qubit from optical photons, and the backaction on the qubit from the transducer is less than that imparted by thermal radiation from the environment. Moderate improvements in transducer bandwidth and added noise will enable us to leverage the full suite of tools available in circuit QED to demonstrate transduction of non-classical signals from a superconducting qubit to the optical domain.
16
Okt
2021
Quantum Correlations in Jahn-Teller Molecular Systems Simulated with Superconducting Circuits
We explore quantum correlations, in particular, quantum entanglement, among vibrational phonon modes as well as between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom in molecular systems,
described by Jahn-Teller mechanism. Specifically, to isolate and simplify the phonon-electron interactions in a complex molecular system, the basis of our discussions is taken to be the proposal of simulating two-frequency Jahn-Teller systems using superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics systems (circuit QED) by Tekin Dereli and co-workers in 2012. We evaluate the quantum correlations, in particular entanglement between the vibrational phonon modes, and present analytical explanations using a single privileged Jahn-Teller mode picture. Furthermore, spin-orbit entanglement or quantum correlations between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom are examined, too. We conclude by discussing experimental feasibility to detect such quantum correlations, considering the dephasing and decoherence in state-of-the-art superconducting two-level systems (qubits).
15
Okt
2021
Performance of a Kinetic-Inductance Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier at 4 Kelvin: Toward an Alternative to Semiconductor Amplifiers
Most microwave readout architectures in quantum computing or sensing rely on a semiconductor amplifier at 4 K, typically a high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT). Despite its remarkable
noise performance, a conventional HEMT dissipates several milliwatts of power, posing a practical challenge to scale up the number of qubits or sensors addressed in these architectures. As an alternative, we present an amplification chain consisting of a kinetic-inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier (KI-TWPA) placed at 4 K, followed by a HEMT placed at 70 K, and demonstrate a chain-added noise TΣ=6.3±0.5 K between 3.5 and 5.5 GHz. While, in principle, any parametric amplifier can be quantum limited even at 4 K, in practice we find the KI-TWPA’s performance limited by the temperature of its inputs, and by an excess of noise Tex=1.9 K. The dissipation of the KI-TWPA’s rf pump constitutes the main power load at 4 K and is about one percent that of a HEMT. These combined noise and power dissipation values pave the way for the KI-TWPA’s use as a replacement for semiconductor amplifiers.