A superconducting qutrit link beyond the qubit limit

  1. Xiang Li,
  2. Zheng-Yang Mei,
  3. Yang He,
  4. Si-Lu Zhao,
  5. Yan-Jun Liu,
  6. Xiao-Hui Song,
  7. Kai Xu,
  8. Zhong-Cheng Xiang,
  9. Dong-Ning Zheng,
  10. and Heng Fan
Superconducting microwave links have enabled deterministic state transfer and remote entanglement between qubits, but deterministic links have so far operated with an effectively two-dimensional
transmitted Hilbert space. Here we demonstrate a superconducting qutrit link between two independently packaged nodes connected by a microwave channel. Each node combines a transmon qutrit, a transmission resonator, and a tunable Purcell-filter interface, allowing the two remote microwave-photon interfaces to be matched in both frequency and bandwidth. We implement two transition-selective photon-mediated operations that transfer the |e⟩ and |f⟩ qutrit components in distinct temporal modes of the same channel. We tomographically characterize arbitrary qutrit-state transfer, obtaining a mean transferred-state fidelity of 83.68% and a qutrit process fidelity of 77.12%, exceeding both the classical qutrit-transfer benchmark and the best possible average fidelity of an effective qubit channel used to transmit an arbitrary qutrit. Using partial-transfer operations, we reconstruct a remote two-qutrit state with negativity 0.730, a tomography-inferred dense-coding capacity of 2.273 bits, and a tomography-inferred Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu (CGLMP) parameter I3=2.332, all beyond the corresponding qubit or local bounds. These results demonstrate a superconducting microwave link that uses the native three-level structure of transmons as a genuine high-dimensional communication resource.

Engineering a Multi-Mode Purcell Filter for Superconducting-Qubit Reset and Readout with Intrinsic Purcell Protection

  1. Xu-Yang Gu,
  2. Da'er Feng,
  3. Zhen-Yu Peng,
  4. Gui-Han Liang,
  5. Yang He,
  6. Yongxi Xiao,
  7. Ming-Chuan Wang,
  8. Yu Yan,
  9. Bing-Jie Chen,
  10. Zheng-Yang Mei,
  11. Yi-Zhou Bu,
  12. Jia-Chi Zhang,
  13. Jia-Cheng Song,
  14. Cheng-Lin Deng,
  15. Xiaohui Song,
  16. Dongning Zheng,
  17. Kai Xu,
  18. Zhongcheng Xiang,
  19. and Heng Fan
Efficient qubit reset and leakage reduction are essential for scalable superconducting quantum computing, particularly in the context of quantum error correction. However, such operations
often require additional on-chip components. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a mode-efficient approach to qubit reset and readout using a multi-mode Purcell filter in a superconducting quantum circuit. We exploit the inherent multi-mode structure of a coplanar waveguide resonator, using its fundamental and second-order modes for qubit reset and readout, respectively, thereby avoiding additional circuit elements. Implemented in a flip-chip architecture, our device achieves unconditional reset with residual excitation below 1% in 220 ns, and a leakage reduction unit that selectively resets the second excited state within 62 ns. Simulations predict Purcell-limited relaxation times exceeding 1 ms over an 800 MHz bandwidth. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental trial that exploits different-order modes of a microwave resonator for distinct qubit operations, representing a new direction toward scalable, mode-efficient quantum processor design.

Microwave Engineering of Tunable Spin Interactions with Superconducting Qubits

  1. Kui Zhao,
  2. Ziting Wang,
  3. Yu Liu,
  4. Gui-Han Liang,
  5. Cai-Ping Fang,
  6. Yun-Hao Shi,
  7. Lv Zhang,
  8. Jia-Chi Zhang,
  9. Tian-Ming Li,
  10. Hao Li,
  11. Yueshan Xu,
  12. Wei - Guo Ma,
  13. Hao-Tian Liu,
  14. Jia-Cheng Song,
  15. Zhen - Ting Bao,
  16. Yong-Xi Xiao,
  17. Bing-Jie Chen,
  18. Cheng-Lin Deng,
  19. Zheng-He Liu,
  20. Yang He,
  21. Si-Yun Zhou,
  22. Xiaohui Song,
  23. Zhongcheng Xiang,
  24. Dongning Zheng,
  25. Kaixuan Huang,
  26. Kai Xu,
  27. and Heng Fan
Quantum simulation has emerged as a powerful framework for investigating complex many – body phenomena. A key requirement for emulating these dynamics is the realization of fully
controllable quantum systems enabling various spin interactions. Yet, quantum simulators remain constrained in the types of attainable interactions. Here we demonstrate experimental realization of multiple microwave – engineered spin interactions in superconducting quantum circuits. By precisely controlling the native XY interaction and microwave drives, we achieve tunable spin Hamiltonians including: (i) XYZ spin models with continuously adjustable parameters, (ii) transverse – field Ising systems, and (iii) Dzyaloshinskii – Moriya interacting systems. Our work expands the toolbox for analogue – digital quantum simulation, enabling exploration of a wide range of exotic quantum spin models.