Ultrafast Single Qubit Gates through Multi-Photon Transition Removal

  1. Y. Gao,
  2. A. Galicia,
  3. J. D. Da Costa Jesus,
  4. Y. Liu,
  5. Y. Haddad,
  6. D. A. Volkov,
  7. J. R. Guimarães,
  8. H. Bhardwaj,
  9. M. Jerger,
  10. M. Neis,
  11. B. Li,
  12. F. A. Cárdenas-López,
  13. F. Motzoi,
  14. P. A. Bushev,
  15. and R. Barends
One of the main enablers in quantum computing is having qubit control that is precise and fast. However, qubits typically have multilevel structures making them prone to unwanted transitions
from fast gates. This leakage out of the computational subspace is especially detrimental to algorithms as it has been observed to cause long-lived errors, such as in quantum error correction. This forces a choice between either achieving fast gates or having low leakage. Previous works focus on suppressing leakage by mitigating the first to second excited state transition, overlooking multi-photon transitions, and achieving faster gates with further reductions in leakage has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate single qubit gates with a total leakage error consistently below 2.0×10−5, and obtain fidelities above 99.98% for pulse durations down to 6.8 ns for both X and X/2 gates. This is achieved by removing direct transitions beyond nearest-neighbor levels using a double recursive implementation of the Derivative Removal by Adiabatic Gate (DRAG) method, which we name the R2D method. Moreover, we find that at such short gate durations and strong driving strengths the main error source is from these higher order transitions. This is all shown in the widely-used superconducting transmon qubit, which has a weakly anharmonic level structure and suffers from higher order transitions significantly. We also introduce an approach for amplifying leakage error that can precisely quantify leakage rates below 10−6. The presented approach can be readily applied to other qubit types as well.

Dispersive Qubit Readout with Intrinsic Resonator Reset

  1. M. Jerger,
  2. F. Motzoi,
  3. Y. Gao,
  4. C. Dickel,
  5. L. Buchmann,
  6. A. Bengtsson,
  7. G. Tancredi,
  8. Ch. Warren,
  9. J. Bylander,
  10. D. DiVincenzo,
  11. R. Barends,
  12. and P. A. Bushev
A key challenge in quantum computing is speeding up measurement and initialization. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a dispersive measurement method for superconducting qubits that
simultaneously measures the qubit and returns the readout resonator to its initial state. The approach is based on universal analytical pulses and requires knowledge of the qubit and resonator parameters, but needs no direct optimization of the pulse shape, even when accounting for the nonlinearity of the system. Moreover, the method generalizes to measuring an arbitrary number of modes and states. For the qubit readout, we can drive the resonator to ∼102 photons and back to ∼10−3 photons in less than 3κ−1, while still achieving a T1-limited assignment error below 1\%. We also present universal pulse shapes and experimental results for qutrit readout.

Coherent Josephson phase qubit with a single crystal silicon capacitor

  1. U. Patel,
  2. Y. Gao,
  3. D. Hover,
  4. G. J. Ribeill,
  5. S. Sendelbach,
  6. and R. McDermott
We have incorporated a single crystal silicon shunt capacitor into a Josephson phase qubit. The capacitor is derived from a commercial silicon-on-insulator wafer. Bosch reactive ion
etching is used to create a suspended silicon membrane; subsequent metallization on both sides is used to form the capacitor. The superior dielectric loss of the crystalline silicon leads to a significant increase in qubit energy relaxation times. T1 times up to 1.6 micro-second were measured, more than a factor of two greater than those seen in amorphous phase qubits. The design is readily scalable to larger integrated circuits incorporating multiple qubits and resonators.