Multiplexed Readout of Superconducting Qubits Using a 3D Re-entrant Cavity Filter

  1. Mustafa Bakr,
  2. Simone D. Fasciati,
  3. Shuxiang Cao,
  4. Giulio Campanaro,
  5. James Wills,
  6. Mohammed Alghadeer,
  7. Michele Piscitelli,
  8. Boris Shteynas,
  9. Vivek Chidambaram,
  10. and Peter J. Leek
Hardware efficient methods for high fidelity quantum state measurements are crucial for superconducting qubit experiments, as qubit numbers grow and feedback and state reset begin to
be employed for quantum error correction. We present a 3D re-entrant cavity filter designed for frequency-multiplexed readout of superconducting qubits. The cavity filter is situated out of the plane of the qubit circuit and capacitively couples to an array of on-chip readout resonators in a manner that can scale to large qubit arrays. The re-entrant cavity functions as a large-linewidth bandpass filter with intrinsic Purcell filtering. We demonstrate the concept with a four-qubit multiplexed device.

Dynamic Josephson Junction Metasurfaces for Multiplexed Control of Superconducting Qubits

  1. Mustafa Bakr
Scaling superconducting quantum processors to large qubit counts faces challenges in control signal delivery, thermal management, and hardware complexity, particularly in achieving
microwave signal multiplexing and long-distance quantum information routing at millikelvin (mK) temperatures. We propose a space-time modulated Josephson Junction (JJ) metasurface architecture to generate and multiplex microwave control signals directly at mK temperatures. Theoretical and numerical results demonstrate the generation of multiple frequency tones with controlled parameters, enabling efficient and scalable qubit control while minimizing thermal loads and wiring overhead. We derive the nonlinear wave equation governing this system, simulate beam steering and frequency conversion, and discuss the feasibility of experimental implementation.

Complementing the transmon by integrating a geometric shunt inductor

  1. Simone D. Fasciati,
  2. Boris Shteynas,
  3. Giulio Campanaro,
  4. Mustafa Bakr,
  5. Shuxiang Cao,
  6. Vivek Chidambaram,
  7. James Wills,
  8. and Peter J. Leek
We realize a single-Josephson-junction transmon qubit shunted by a simple geometric inductor. We couple it capacitively to a conventional transmon and show that the ZZ interaction between
the two qubits is completely suppressed when they are flux-biased to have opposite-sign anharmonicities. Away from the flux sweet spot of the inductively-shunted transmon, we demonstrate fast two-qubit interactions using first-order sideband transitions. The simplicity of this two-qubit-species circuit makes it promising for building large lattices of superconducting qubits with low coherent error and a rich gate set.

Encoding optimization for quantum machine learning demonstrated on a superconducting transmon qutrit

  1. Shuxiang Cao,
  2. Weixi Zhang,
  3. Jules Tilly,
  4. Abhishek Agarwal,
  5. Mustafa Bakr,
  6. Giulio Campanaro,
  7. Simone D. Fasciati,
  8. James Wills,
  9. Boris Shteynas,
  10. Vivek Chidambaram,
  11. Peter Leek,
  12. and Ivan Rungger
Qutrits, three-level quantum systems, have the advantage of potentially requiring fewer components than the typically used two-level qubits to construct equivalent quantum circuits.
This work investigates the potential of qutrit parametric circuits in machine learning classification applications. We propose and evaluate different data-encoding schemes for qutrits, and find that the classification accuracy varies significantly depending on the used encoding. We therefore propose a training method for encoding optimization that allows to consistently achieve high classification accuracy. Our theoretical analysis and numerical simulations indicate that the qutrit classifier can achieve high classification accuracy using fewer components than a comparable qubit system. We showcase the qutrit classification using the optimized encoding method on superconducting transmon qutrits, demonstrating the practicality of the proposed method on noisy hardware. Our work demonstrates high-precision ternary classification using fewer circuit elements, establishing qutrit parametric quantum circuits as a viable and efficient tool for quantum machine learning applications.

Emulating two qubits with a four-level transmon qudit for variational quantum algorithms

  1. Shuxiang Cao,
  2. Mustafa Bakr,
  3. Giulio Campanaro,
  4. Simone D. Fasciati,
  5. James Wills,
  6. Deep Lall,
  7. Boris Shteynas,
  8. Vivek Chidambaram,
  9. Ivan Rungger,
  10. and Peter Leek
Using quantum systems with more than two levels, or qudits, can scale the computation space of quantum processors more efficiently than using qubits, which may offer an easier physical
implementation for larger Hilbert spaces. However, individual qudits may exhibit larger noise, and algorithms designed for qubits require to be recompiled to qudit algorithms for execution. In this work, we implemented a two-qubit emulator using a 4-level superconducting transmon qudit for variational quantum algorithm applications and analyzed its noise model. The major source of error for the variational algorithm was readout misclassification error and amplitude damping. To improve the accuracy of the results, we applied error-mitigation techniques to reduce the effects of the misclassification and qudit decay event. The final predicted energy value is within the range of chemical accuracy. Our work demonstrates that qudits are a practical alternative to qubits for variational algorithms.

Efficient qutrit gate-set tomography on a transmon

  1. Shuxiang Cao,
  2. Deep Lall,
  3. Mustafa Bakr,
  4. Giulio Campanaro,
  5. Simone Fasciati,
  6. James Wills,
  7. Vivek Chidambaram,
  8. Boris Shteynas,
  9. Ivan Rungger,
  10. and Peter Leek
Gate-set tomography enables the determination of the process matrix of a set of quantum logic gates, including measurement and state preparation errors. Here we propose an efficient
method to implement such tomography on qutrits, using only gates in the qutrit Clifford group to construct preparation and measurement fiducials. Our method significantly reduces computational overhead by using the theoretical minimum number of measurements and directly parametrizing qutrit Hadamard gates. We demonstrate qutrit gate-set tomography on a superconducting transmon, and find good agreement of average gate infidelity with qutrit randomized benchmarking.

High Coherence in a Tileable 3D Integrated Superconducting Circuit Architecture

  1. Peter A. Spring,
  2. Shuxiang Cao,
  3. Takahiro Tsunoda,
  4. Giulio Campanaro,
  5. Simone D. Fasciati,
  6. James Wills,
  7. Vivek Chidambaram,
  8. Boris Shteynas,
  9. Mustafa Bakr,
  10. Paul Gow,
  11. Lewis Carpenter,
  12. James Gates,
  13. Brian Vlastakis,
  14. and Peter J. Leek
We report high qubit coherence as well as low crosstalk and single-qubit gate errors in a superconducting circuit architecture that promises to be tileable to 2D lattices of qubits.
The architecture integrates an inductively shunted cavity enclosure into a design featuring non-galvanic out-of-plane control wiring and qubits and resonators fabricated on opposing sides of a substrate. The proof-of-principle device features four uncoupled transmon qubits and exhibits average energy relaxation times T1=149(38) μs, pure echoed dephasing times Tϕ,e=189(34) μs, and single-qubit gate fidelities F=99.982(4)% as measured by simultaneous randomized benchmarking. The 3D integrated nature of the control wiring means that qubits will remain addressable as the architecture is tiled to form larger qubit lattices. Band structure simulations are used to predict that the tiled enclosure will still provide a clean electromagnetic environment to enclosed qubits at arbitrary scale.