Implementation and readout of maximally entangled two-qubit gates quantum circuits in a superconducting quantum processor

  1. Viviana Stasino,
  2. Pasquale Mastrovito,
  3. Carlo Cosenza,
  4. Anna Levochkina,
  5. Martina Esposito,
  6. Domenico Montemurro,
  7. Giovanni P. Pepe,
  8. Alessandro Bruno,
  9. Francesco Tafuri,
  10. Davide Massarotti,
  11. and Halima G. Ahmad
Besides noticeable challenges in implementing low-error single- and two-qubit quantum gates in superconducting quantum processors, the readout technique and analysis are a key factor
in determining the efficiency and performance of quantum processors. Being able to efficiently implement quantum algorithms involving entangling gates and asses their output is mandatory for quantum utility. In a transmon-based 5-qubit superconducting quantum processor, we compared the performance of quantum circuits involving an increasing level of complexity, from single-qubit circuits to maximally entangled Bell circuits. This comparison highlighted the importance of the readout analysis and helped us optimize the protocol for more advanced quantum algorithms. Here we report the results obtained from the analysis of the outputs of quantum circuits using two readout paradigms, referred to as „multiplied readout probabilities“ and „conditional readout probabilities“. The first method is suitable for single-qubit circuits, while the second is essential for accurately interpreting the outputs of circuits involving two-qubit gates.

On-chip microwave coherent source with in-situ control of the photon number distribution

  1. Pasquale Mastrovito,
  2. Halima Giovanna Ahmad,
  3. Martina Esposito,
  4. Davide Massarotti,
  5. and Francesco Tafuri
Coherent photon sources are key elements in different applications, ranging from quantum sensing to quantum computing. In the context of circuit quantum electrodynamics, there have
been multiple proposals for potential coherent sources of photons, but a well established candidate is still missing. The possibility of designing and engineering superconducting circuits behaving like artificial atoms supports the realization of quantum optics protocols, including microwave photons generation. Here we propose and theoretically investigate a new design that allows a tunable photon injection directly on-chip. The scheme is based on initiating a population inversion in a superconducting circuit that will act as the photon source of one or multiple target resonators. The key novelty of the proposed layout consists in replacing the usual capacitive link between the source and the target cavity with a tunable coupler, with the advantage of having on-demand control on the injected steady-state photons. We validate the dynamical control of the generated coherent states under the effect of an external flux threading the tunable coupler and discuss the possibility of employing this scheme also in the context of multiple bosonic reservoirs.

Discriminating the Phase of a Coherent Tone with a Flux-Switchable Superconducting Circuit

  1. Luigi Di Palma,
  2. Alessandro Miano,
  3. Pasquale Mastrovito,
  4. Davide Massarotti,
  5. Marco Arzeo,
  6. Giovanni Piero Pepe,
  7. Francesco Tafuri,
  8. and Oleg A. Mukhanov
We propose a new phase detection technique based on a flux-switchable superconducting circuit, the Josephson digital phase detector (JDPD), which is capable of discriminating between
two phase values of a coherent input tone. When properly excited by an external flux, the JDPD is able to switch from a single-minimum to a double-minima potential and, consequently, relax in one of the two stable configurations depending on the phase sign of the input tone. The result of this operation is digitally encoded in the occupation probability of a phase particle in either of the two JDPD wells. In this work, we demonstrate the working principle of the JDPD up to a frequency of 400 MHz with a remarkable agreement with theoretical expectations. As a future scenario, we discuss the implementation of this technique to superconducting qubit readout. We also examine the JDPD compatibility with the single-flux-quantum architecture, employed to fast-drive and measure the device state.

A hybrid ferromagnetic transmon qubit: circuit design, feasibility and detection protocols for magnetic fluctuations

  1. Halima Giovanna Ahmad,
  2. Valentina Brosco,
  3. Alessandro Miano,
  4. Luigi Di Palma,
  5. Marco Arzeo,
  6. Domenico Montemurro,
  7. Procolo Lucignano,
  8. Giovanni Piero Pepe,
  9. Francesco Tafuri,
  10. Rosario Fazio,
  11. and Davide Massarotti
We propose to exploit currently available tunnel ferromagnetic Josephson junctions to realize a hybrid superconducting qubit. We show that the characteristic hysteretic behavior of
the ferromagnetic barrier provides an alternative and intrinsically digital tuning of the qubit frequency by means of magnetic field pulses. To illustrate functionalities and limitation of the device, we discuss the coupling to a read-out resonator and the effect of magnetic fluctuations. The possibility to use the qubit as a noise detector and its relevance to investigate the subtle interplay of magnetism and superconductivity is envisaged.