or quantum simulators, consist of particles on a lattice with local interactions, quantum systems featuring long-range interactions are particularly difficult to model and interesting to study due to the rapid spatio-temporal growth of entanglement in such systems. Here we present a scalable quantum simulator architecture based on superconducting transmon qubits on a lattice, with interactions mediated by the exchange of photons via a metamaterial waveguide quantum bus. The metamaterial waveguide enables extensible scaling of the system and multiplexed qubit read-out, while simultaneously protecting the qubits from radiative decay. As an initial demonstration of this platform, we realize a 10-qubit simulator of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model, with in situ tunability of both the hopping range and the on-site interaction. We characterize the Hamiltonian of the system using a measurement-efficient protocol based on quantum many-body chaos, uncovering the remnant phase of Bloch waves of the metamaterial bus in the long-range hopping terms. We further study the many-body quench dynamics of the system, revealing through global bit-string statistics the predicted crossover from integrability to ergodicity as the hopping range is extended beyond nearest-neighbor. Looking forward, the metamaterial quantum bus may be extended to a two-dimensional lattice of qubits, and used to generate other spin-like lattice interactions or tailored lattice connectivity, expanding the accessible Hamiltonians for analog quantum simulation using superconducting quantum circuits.