Bosonic codes in superconducting resonators are a hardware-efficient avenue for quantum error correction and can harness the favorable error hierarchies provided by long-lived cavitiescompared to typical superconducting qubits. These benefits can be negated, however, by the necessary coupling to an ancillary control qubit, which often induces highly detrimental effects such as excess decoherence and undesired nonlinearities. It is thus an important question whether a qubit-cavity coupling can be realized that avoids such effects. Here, we investigate the fluxonium as control qubit, motivated by its long lifetime and controllability of Hamiltonian parameters that suggest an avenue toward controlled elimination of undesired nonlinearities. In a proof-of-concept experiment we use the fluxonium to measure the coherence properties of a storage resonator and demonstrate the predictability of the cavity’s inherited nonlinearities from the fluxonium. We demonstrate universal control by preparing and characterizing resonator Fock states and their superpositions using selective number-dependent arbitrary phase gates. The fidelities of state preparation and tomography are accounted for by incoherent resonator decay errors in our planar prototype device. Finally, we predict that the fluxonium can achieve beneficial cavity-coupling regimes compared to the transmon, with the potential to eliminate undesirable cavity nonlinearities. These results demonstrate the potential of the fluxonium as a high-performance bosonic control qubit for superconducting cavities.
Dispersive readout is widely used to perform high-fidelity measurement of superconducting qubits. Much work has been focused on the qubit readout fidelity, which depends on the achievablesignal-to-noise ratio and the qubit relaxation time. As groups have pushed to increase readout fidelity by increasing readout photon number, dispersive readout has been shown to strongly affect the post-measurement qubit state. Such effects hinder the effectiveness of quantum error correction, which requires measurements that both have high readout fidelity and are quantum non-demolition (QND). Here, we experimentally investigate non-QND effects in the fluxonium. We map out the state evolution of fluxonium qubits in the presence of resonator photons and observe that these photons induce transitions in the fluxonium both within and outside the qubit subspace. We numerically model our system and find that coupling the fluxonium-resonator system to an external spurious mode is necessary to explain observed non-QND effects.
Converting quantum information from stationary qubits to traveling photons enables both fast qubit initialization and efficient generation of flying qubits for redistribution of quantuminformation. This conversion can be performed using cavity sideband transitions. In the fluxonium, however, direct cavity sideband transitions are forbidden due to parity symmetry. Here we circumvent this parity selection rule by using a three-wave mixing element to couple the fluxonium to a resonator. We experimentally demonstrate a scheme for interfacing the fluxonium with traveling photons through microwave-induced parametric conversion. We perform fast reset on the fluxonium qubit, initializing it with > 95% ground state population. We then implement controlled release and temporal shaping of a flying photon, useful for quantum state transfer and remote entanglement. The simplicity and flexibility of our demonstrated scheme enables fluxonium-based remote entanglement architectures.