Noise-induced quantum synchronization and maximally entangled mixed states in superconducting circuits

  1. Ziyu Tao,
  2. Finn Schmolke,
  3. Chang-Kang Hu,
  4. Wenhui Huang,
  5. Yuxuan Zhou,
  6. Jiawei Zhang,
  7. Ji Chu,
  8. Libo Zhang,
  9. Xuandong Sun,
  10. Zecheng Guo,
  11. Jingjing Niu,
  12. Wenle Weng,
  13. Song Liu,
  14. Youpeng Zhong,
  15. Dian Tan,
  16. Dapeng Yu,
  17. and Eric Lutz
Random fluctuations can lead to cooperative effects in complex systems. We here report the experimental observation of noise-induced quantum synchronization in a chain of superconducting transmon qubits with nearest-neighbor interactions. The application of Gaussian white noise to a single site leads to synchronous oscillations in the entire chain. We show that the two synchronized end qubits are entangled, with nonzero concurrence, and that they belong to a class of generalized Bell states known as maximally entangled mixed states, whose entanglement cannot be increased by any global unitary. We further demonstrate the stability against frequency detuning of both synchronization and entanglement by determining the corresponding generalized Arnold tongue diagrams. Our results highlight the constructive influence of noise in a quantum many-body system and uncover the potential role of synchronization for mixed-state quantum information science.
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