In-operando microwave scattering-parameter calibrated measurement of a Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier

  1. S. H. Shin,
  2. M. Stanley,
  3. W. N. Wong,
  4. T. Sweetnam,
  5. A. Elarabi,
  6. T. Lindström,
  7. N. M. Ridler,
  8. and S. E. de Graaf
Superconducting travelling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) are broadband near-quantum limited microwave amplifiers commonly used for qubit readout and a wide range of other applications in quantum technologies. The performance of these amplifiers depends on achieving impedance matching to minimise reflected signals. Here we apply a microwave calibration technique to extract the S-parameters of a Josephson junction based TWPA in-operando. This enables reflections occurring at the TWPA and its extended network of components to be quantified, and we find that the in-operation performance can be well described by the off-state measured S-parameters.
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