Demonstrating a long-coherence dual-rail erasure qubit using tunable transmons

  1. Harry Levine,
  2. Arbel Haim,
  3. Jimmy S.C. Hung,
  4. Nasser Alidoust,
  5. Mahmoud Kalaee,
  6. Laura DeLorenzo,
  7. E. Alex Wollack,
  8. Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola,
  9. Amirhossein Khalajhedayati,
  10. Yotam Vaknin,
  11. Aleksander Kubica,
  12. Aashish A. Clerk,
  13. David Hover,
  14. Fernando Brandão,
  15. Alex Retzker,
  16. and Oskar Painter
Quantum error correction with erasure qubits promises significant advantages over standard error correction due to favorable thresholds for erasure errors. To realize this advantagein practice requires a qubit for which nearly all errors are such erasure errors, and the ability to check for erasure errors without dephasing the qubit. We experimentally demonstrate that a „dual-rail qubit“ consisting of a pair of resonantly-coupled transmons can form a highly coherent erasure qubit, where the erasure error rate is given by the transmon T1 but for which residual dephasing is strongly suppressed, leading to millisecond-scale coherence within the qubit subspace. We show that single-qubit gates are limited primarily by erasure errors, with erasure probability perasure=2.19(2)×10−3 per gate while the residual errors are ∼40 times lower. We further demonstrate mid-circuit detection of erasure errors while introducing <0.1% dephasing error per check. Finally, we show that the suppression of transmon noise allows this dual-rail qubit to preserve high coherence over a broad tunable operating range, offering an improved capacity to avoid frequency collisions. This work establishes transmon-based dual-rail qubits as an attractive building block for hardware-efficient quantum error correction.[/expand]

Distinguishing coherent and thermal photon noise in a circuit QED system

  1. Fei Yan,
  2. Dan Campbell,
  3. Philip Krantz,
  4. Morten Kjaergaard,
  5. David Kim,
  6. Jonilyn L. Yoder,
  7. David Hover,
  8. Adam Sears,
  9. Andrew J. Kerman,
  10. Terry P. Orlando,
  11. Simon Gustavsson,
  12. and William D. Oliver
In the cavity-QED architecture, photon number fluctuations from residual cavity photons cause qubit dephasing due to the AC Stark effect. These unwanted photons originate from a variety
of sources, such as thermal radiation, leftover measurement photons, and crosstalk. Using a capacitively-shunted flux qubit coupled to a transmission line cavity, we demonstrate a method that identifies and distinguishes coherent and thermal photons based on noise-spectral reconstruction from time-domain spin-locking relaxometry. Using these measurements, we attribute the limiting dephasing source in our system to thermal photons, rather than coherent photons. By improving the cryogenic attenuation on lines leading to the cavity, we successfully suppress residual thermal photons and achieve T1-limited spin-echo decay time. The spin-locking noise spectroscopy technique can readily be applied to other qubit modalities for identifying general asymmetric non-classical noise spectra.

Analysis and mitigation of interface losses in trenched superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators

  1. Greg Calusine,
  2. Alexander Melville,
  3. Wayne Woods,
  4. Rabindra Das,
  5. Corey Stull,
  6. Vlad Bolkhovsky,
  7. Danielle Braje,
  8. David Hover,
  9. David K. Kim,
  10. Xhovalin Miloshi,
  11. Danna Rosenberg,
  12. Arjan Sevi,
  13. Jonilyn L. Yoder,
  14. Eric A. Dauler,
  15. and William D. Oliver
Improving the performance of superconducting qubits and resonators generally results from a combination of materials and fabrication process improvements and design modifications that
reduce device sensitivity to residual losses. One instance of this approach is to use trenching into the device substrate in combination with superconductors and dielectrics with low intrinsic losses to improve quality factors and coherence times. Here we demonstrate titanium nitride coplanar waveguide resonators with mean quality factors exceeding two million and controlled trenching reaching 2.2 μm into the silicon substrate. Additionally, we measure sets of resonators with a range of sizes and trench depths and compare these results with finite-element simulations to demonstrate quantitative agreement with a model of interface dielectric loss. We then apply this analysis to determine the extent to which trenching can improve resonator performance.

Coherent coupled qubits for quantum annealing

  1. Steven J. Weber,
  2. Gabriel O. Samach,
  3. David Hover,
  4. Simon Gustavsson,
  5. David K. Kim,
  6. Danna Rosenberg,
  7. Adam P. Sears,
  8. Fei Yan,
  9. Jonilyn L. Yoder,
  10. William D. Oliver,
  11. and Andrew J. Kerman
Quantum annealing is an optimization technique which potentially leverages quantum tunneling to enhance computational performance. Existing quantum annealers use superconducting flux
qubits with short coherence times, limited primarily by the use of large persistent currents Ip. Here, we examine an alternative approach, using qubits with smaller Ip and longer coherence times. We demonstrate tunable coupling, a basic building block for quantum annealing, between two flux qubits with small (∼50 nA) persistent currents. Furthermore, we characterize qubit coherence as a function of coupler setting and investigate the effect of flux noise in the coupler loop on qubit coherence. Our results provide insight into the available design space for next-generation quantum annealers with improved coherence.

Suppressing relaxation in superconducting qubits by quasiparticle pumping

  1. Simon Gustavsson,
  2. Fei Yan,
  3. Gianluigi Catelani,
  4. Jonas Bylander,
  5. Archana Kamal,
  6. Jeffrey Birenbaum,
  7. David Hover,
  8. Danna Rosenberg,
  9. Gabriel Samach,
  10. Adam P. Sears,
  11. Steven J. Weber,
  12. Jonilyn L. Yoder,
  13. John Clarke,
  14. Andrew J. Kerman,
  15. Fumiki Yoshihara,
  16. Yasunobu Nakamura,
  17. Terry P. Orlando,
  18. and William D. Oliver
Dynamical error suppression techniques are commonly used to improve coherence in quantum systems. They reduce dephasing errors by applying control pulses designed to reverse erroneous
coherent evolution driven by environmental noise. However, such methods cannot correct for irreversible processes such as energy relaxation. In this work, we investigate a complementary, stochastic approach to reducing errors: instead of deterministically reversing the unwanted qubit evolution, we use control pulses to shape the noise environment dynamically. In the context of superconducting qubits, we implement a pumping sequence to reduce the number of unpaired electrons (quasiparticles) in close proximity to the device. We report a 70% reduction in the quasiparticle density, resulting in a threefold enhancement in qubit relaxation times, and a comparable reduction in coherence variability.